前言
在今天高效率的IT领域，Docker 和 Docker Compose 已成为开发者和系统管理员不可或缺的工具。它们不仅加速了部署过程，还通过容器化技术简化了复杂应用的管理。本文将深入探讨如何利用 Docker Compose 在单台服务器上快速且高效地部署和管理多个项目，这对于希望优化资源使用和简化操作流程的业务来说，具有不小的吸引力。这里我也会把自己在实践中遇到的几个容易出错的地方和大家分享，自己也加深影响，避免再次犯错！
利用 Docker Compose 快速部署项目的优势
Docker Compose 允许用户通过单一命令行工具管理多个 Docker 容器的生命周期，具体优势包括：
- 配置简便：Docker Compose 允许您在 YAML 文件中定义多服务配置，从而简化了 Docker 容器的配置和部署过程。
- 一键控制：可以通过一个命令同时管理多个容器的启动、停止和重建，极大地提高了操作的便捷性。
- 服务依赖清晰：Docker Compose 自动处理容器之间的依赖关系，确保服务按正确顺序启动。
- 环境一致性：通过 Docker Compose，每个项目都在独立的环境中运行，确保了环境之间的隔离，减少了冲突。
在实际部署前，请准备好一台vps，我这里使用的是 甲骨云 arm结构的虚拟主机。
这里我将同时部署 5个 wordpress 项目，搭配PHP环境，redis 缓存加速，mysql 数据库还有 npm反向代理，来实现多个docker 容器项目的同时部署。
拿WordPress 服务示例（wp1）:
wp1:
image: 'arm64v8/wordpress' //注意这里要选择适合自己架构的镜像版本，我这边是arm64
container_name: wp1 //定义容器的名字
volumes:
- ./html1:/var/www/html //这里使用html1，作为容器储存数据的数据卷
ports:
- '8081:80'
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: ${WP1_DB_HOST} //主机名，最好和数据库名不要重复，容易报错
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${WP1_DB_USER}
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WP1_DB_PASSWORD}
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL1_DATABASE} //这里是我踩过的坑，遗漏了DB_NAME,导致wp-config 读取不到数据库，访问的时候出现无法连接数据库的提示
depends_on: //定义容器启动顺序
- db1
- redis
networks:
- web1 //定义容器的网络
如果是多个WordPress 服务，就按照上面的模版复制，写入conpose文件
数据库 配置
db1:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0.13'
container_name: mysql1
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./mysql1:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL1_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: {MYSQL1_DATABASE}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL1_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL1_PASSWORD}
ports:
- '3307:3306'
networks:
- web1这边必须是一个wordpress 服务对应一个 数据库，我之前试过多个服务对应一个数据库，行不通
最好贴上完整的compose 代码
version: '3.9'
services:
php:
build:
context: .
dockerfile: Dockerfile
container_name: php
restart: always
volumes:
- ./html:/var/www/html
- ./php.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/php.ini
ports:
- '9000:9000'
networks:
- web1
wp1:
image: 'arm64v8/wordpress'
container_name: wp1
volumes:
- ./html1:/var/www/html
ports:
- '8081:80'
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: ${WP1_DB_HOST}
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${WP1_DB_USER}
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WP1_DB_PASSWORD}
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL1_DATABASE}
depends_on:
- db1
- redis
networks:
- web1
db1:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0.13'
container_name: mysql1
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./mysql1:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL1_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: {MYSQL1_DATABASE}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL1_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL1_PASSWORD}
ports:
- '3307:3306'
networks:
- web1
wp2:
image: 'arm64v8/wordpress'
container_name: wp2
volumes:
- ./html2:/var/www/html
ports:
- '8082:80'
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: ${WP2_DB_HOST}
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${WP2_DB_USER}
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WP2_DB_PASSWORD}
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL2_DATABASE}
depends_on:
- db2
- redis
networks:
- web1
db2:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0.13'
container_name: mysql2
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./mysql2:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL2_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL2_DATABASE}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL2_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL2_PASSWORD}
ports:
- '3308:3306'
networks:
- web1
wp3:
image: 'arm64v8/wordpress'
container_name: wp3
volumes:
- ./html3:/var/www/html
ports:
- '8083:80'
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: ${WP3_DB_HOST}
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${WP3_DB_USER}
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WP3_DB_PASSWORD}
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL3_DATABASE}
depends_on:
- db3
- redis
networks:
- web1
db3:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0.13'
container_name: mysql3
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./mysql3:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL3_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL3_DATABASE}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL3_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL3_PASSWORD}
ports:
- '3309:3306'
networks:
- web1
wp4:
image: 'arm64v8/wordpress'
container_name: wp4
volumes:
- ./html4:/var/www/html
ports:
- '8084:80'
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: ${WP4_DB_HOST}
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${WP4_DB_USER}
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WP4_DB_PASSWORD}
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL4_DATABASE}
depends_on:
- db4
- redis
networks:
- web1
db4:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0.13'
container_name: mysql4
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./mysql4:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL4_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL4_DATABASE}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL4_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL4_PASSWORD}
ports:
- '3310:3306'
networks:
- web1
wp5:
image: 'arm64v8/wordpress'
container_name: wp5
volumes:
- ./html5:/var/www/html
ports:
- '8085:80'
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: ${WP5_DB_HOST}
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${WP5_DB_USER}
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WP5_DB_PASSWORD}
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL5_DATABASE}
depends_on:
- db5
- redis
networks:
- web1
db5:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0.13'
container_name: mysql5
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./mysql5:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL5_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL5_DATABASE}
MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL5_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL5_PASSWORD}
ports:
- '3311:3306'
networks:
- web1
redis:
image: 'redis:alpine'
container_name: redis
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- ./redis-data:/data
ports:
- '6379:6379'
networks:
- web1
nginx-proxy-manager:
image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'
container_name: npm
restart: always
ports:
- '80:80'
- '81:81'
- '443:443'
volumes:
- ./npm-data:/data
- ./letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
networks:
- web1
networks:
web1:
driver: bridge
环境变量 .env的部分代码，有几个服务项就编写几个环境变量，也可以统一，这里的变量值要和compose配置文件对应。容易出错的地方
# For WordPress 1
WP1_DB_HOST=hostname
WP1_DB_USER=username
WP1_DB_PASSWORD=youpassword
# For MySQL 1
MYSQL1_ROOT_PASSWORD=youpassword
MYSQL1_DATABASE=databasename
MYSQL1_USER=username
MYSQL1_PASSWORD=youpassword使用 Docker Compose 来部署和管理服务器上的多个项目可以显著提高开发和部署的效率，同时也使得服务管理变得更加集中和简化。
文章评论